CISC๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ๋™๊ธฐ

๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋ฐ ์–ธ์–ด, ์ฆ‰ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ์–ธ์–ด(High-Level Language, HLL)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚˜์€ ์ง€์›์€ CPU ์„ค๊ณ„์ž์˜ ๊ณตํ†ต๋œ ๋ชฉํ‘œ.์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ปดํŒŒ์ผ๋Ÿฌ์˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ™”์™€ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ๋‘์—ˆ๊ณ  ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด CPU์˜ ๋ช…๋ น์–ด ์„ธํŠธ๋Š” ๋ช…๋ น์–ด ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋งŽ์•„์ง€๊ณ  ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์ƒ๊น€.

CISC(Complex Instruction Set arChitecture, Computer)์˜ ์ •์˜

๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๋ช…๋ น์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฆฌ ์ ์žฌ, ์‚ฐ์ˆ  ์—ฐ์‚ฐ, ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฆฌ ์ €์žฅ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ €์ˆ˜์ค€ ์—ฐ์‚ฐ(๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ์—ฐ์‚ฐ)์„ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์„œ ๋ช…๋ น์–ด ์„ธํŠธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ(microprocessor instruction set architecture). ๋ณธ ์šฉ์–ด๋Š” RISC์— ๋Œ€๋น„๋˜๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง.

CISC์˜ ํŠน์ง•

  • ๊ฐ€๋ณ€ ๊ธธ์ด์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ช…๋ น์–ด: HLL์ด ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ช…๋ น์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์š”๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ.
  • ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ฃผ์†Œ ์ง€์ • ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ˆ˜์šฉ: ์ฆ‰์น˜, ์ง์ ‘, ๊ฐ„์ ‘, ๋ ˆ์ง€์Šคํ„ฐ, ๋ณ€์œ„ ์ฃผ์†Œ์ง€์ • ๋ฐฉ์‹ ๋“ฑ
  • ์ ์€ ๊ฐœ์ˆ˜์˜ ํŠนํ™”๋œ ๋ ˆ์ง€์Šคํ„ฐ(๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ ˆ์ง€์Šคํ„ฐ, ์ฃผ์†Œ ๋ ˆ์ง€์Šคํ„ฐ ๋“ฑ): ์˜คํผ๋žœ๋“œ ์ง€์ •์ž๊ฐ€ ์ฐธ์กฐํ•  ๋ ˆ์ง€์Šคํ„ฐ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๊ฐ€ OP ์ฝ”๋“œ ๋‚ด์— ๋ฌต์‹œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์ •๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋น„ํŠธ ์ ˆ์•ฝ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ. ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋ฐ์˜ ์œตํ†ต์„ฑ์ด ์ œํ•œ๋จ.
  • ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ผ์ด๋‹, ์ˆ˜ํผ์Šค์นผ๋ผ ๋ฐฉ์‹ ์ ์šฉ์ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋ ค์›€: ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ช…๋ ์–ด, ๋ช…๋ น์–ด ํ˜•์‹, ์ฃผ์†Œ์ง€์ • ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋ณต์žก๋„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ธํ•ด
  • control unit ๊ตฌํ˜„ ๋ฐฉ์‹: micro programm ๋ฐฉ์‹. (๋งŽ์€ ์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ช…๋ น์–ด, ์ฆ‰ ๋งŽ์€ ์ˆ˜์˜ op ์ฝ”๋“œ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋ณต์žก๋„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ธํ•ด hardwired ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ตฌํ˜„์ด ์–ด๋ ค์›€)

RISC์˜ ๋“ฑ์žฅ

  • CISC ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ CPU ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ํƒ„์ƒ.
  • ๋ช…๋ น์–ด ์„ธํŠธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ HLL์— ๋งž์ถ”๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ „ํ˜•์ ์ธ HLL ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์†Œ๋น„ํ•˜๋Š” ํŠน์„ฑ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ์ตœ์ ํ™”ํ•จ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋‘ .

RISC(Reduced Instruction Set Computer)์˜ ์ •์˜

๋ช…๋ น์–ด ์„ธํŠธ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์™€ ์ฃผ์†Œ์ง€์ • ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ๋ณต์žก๋„ ๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ ์ค„์ž„์œผ๋กœ ๋” ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๊ตฌํ˜„๊ณผ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๋ช…๋ น์–ด ์ˆ˜์ค€ ๋ณ‘๋ ฌ์„ฑ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋” ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ์ปดํŒŒ์ผ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์–ป๋Š”๋ฐ ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ˜ CPU ์„ค๊ณ„ ์ฒ ํ•™.

RISC(Reduced Instruction Set Computer)์˜ ํŠน์ง•

  • ์‚ฌ์ดํด ๋‹น ๋‹จ์ผ ๋ช…๋ น์–ด: ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ์‚ฌ์ดํด(machine cycle) ๋‹น ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์–ด. ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ์ œ์–ด ์žฅ์น˜ ์•ก์„ธ์Šค ํ•„์š” ๋ฌด.
  • ๋งŽ์€ ์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ฒ”์šฉ ๋ ˆ์ง€์Šคํ„ฐ: ๋ ˆ์ง€์Šคํ„ฐ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์—ฐ์‚ฐ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์–ต์žฅ์น˜ ์ฐธ์กฐ ํšŸ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ค„์ž„. ์ค‘์ฒฉ ๋ ˆ์ง€์Šคํ„ฐ ์œˆ๋„์šฐ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ ˆ์ง€์Šคํ„ฐ ์ฐธ์กฐ ์ตœ์ ํ™” ๊ธฐ๋ฒ• ์‚ฌ์šฉ. ๊ธฐ์–ต์žฅ์น˜ ์•ก์„ธ์Šค ๋™์ž‘์€ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ LOAD์™€ STORE ๋ช…๋ น์–ด๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง.
  • ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์ฃผ์†Œ์ง€์ • ๋ฐฉ์‹: ๋ช…๋ น์–ด ์„ธํŠธ์™€ ์ œ์–ด ์žฅ์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ™” ๋จ.
  • ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๋ช…๋ น์–ด ํ˜•์‹: ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋˜๋Š” ์ ์€ ์ˆ˜์˜ ํ˜•์‹์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ. ํŠนํžˆ OP ์ฝ”๋“œ์˜ ๊ธธ์ด๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ์ •๋จ.
  • ์ ์€ ์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ช…๋ น์–ด ์„ธํŠธ
  • ๋ช…๋ น์–ด ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ผ์ด๋‹, ๋ณ‘๋ ฌ์„ฑ ๊ฐ•์กฐ: ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ผ์ด๋‹, ์ˆ˜ํผ์Šค์นผ๋ผ ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ RISC๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ์•ˆ๋  ๋•Œ ๊ณ ๋ ค๋œ ์‚ฌํ•ญ. CISC์— ๋น„ํ•ด ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์›.
  • control unit ๊ตฌํ˜„ ๋ฐฉ์‹: hardwired ๋ฐฉ์‹. (์ ์€ ์ˆ˜์˜ op ์ฝ”๋“œ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ CISC์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๊ตฌํ˜„์ด ์šฉ์ด)

CISC์™€ RISC ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋…ผ์Ÿ

  • ์ด์ „์— ๊ฐ ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฐฌ๋ฐ˜ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์ด ์ƒ๋‹นํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ํ˜„์žฌ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง. ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ด€์  ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“ค ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ๋‘ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋“ค์ด ์ ์ฐจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ†ตํ•ฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ. ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„์— ์ƒ๋Œ€์˜ ํŠน์ง•์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์œ ๋ฆฌํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ธ์‹๋˜์–ด๊ฐ.
  • CISC์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ ๊ฒฉ์ธ ํŽœํ‹ฐ์—„ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ฒ”์šฉ ๋ ˆ์ง€์Šคํ„ฐ ๊ฐœ์ˆ˜์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ ๋ช…๋ น์–ด ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ผ์ธ ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ถ”์„ธ.
  • RISC ์ง„์˜์˜ PowerPC ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ๋ช…๋ น์–ด, ์ฃผ์†Œ์ง€์ •๋ฐฉ์‹ ๋“ฑ์ด ์ ์ ๋” ๋ณต์žกํ•ด์ ธ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ถ”์„ธ.

References

  • ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ก (Computer Organization & Architecture Designing for Performance). William Stallings, ๊น€์ข…ํ˜„ ์—ญ
Complex instruction set computerA complex instruction set computer (CISC /หˆsษชsk/) is a computer architecture in which single instructions can execute several low-level operations (such as a load from memory, an arithmetic operation, and a memory store) or are capable of multi-step operations or addressing modes within single instructions.[citation needed] The term was retroactively coined in contrast to reduced instruction set computer (RISC)[1] and has therefore become something of an umbrella term for everything that is not RISC,[citation needed] where the typical differentiating characteristic[dubious  – discuss] is that most RISC designs use uniform instruction length for almost all instructions, and employ strictly separate load and store instructions.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_instruction_set_computer
Reduced instruction set computerIn computer science, a reduced instruction set computer (RISC) is a computer architecture designed to simplify the individual instructions given to the computer to accomplish tasks. Compared to the instructions given to a complex instruction set computer (CISC), a RISC computer might require more instructions in order to accomplish a task because the individual instructions are written in simpler code. The goal is to offset the need to process more instructions by increasing the speed of each instruction, in particular by implementing an instruction pipeline, which may be simpler to achieve given simpler instructions.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reduced_instruction_set_computer

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